First Holocaust in Ancient History
First Holocaust in Ancient History
Exodus Story seems to be supported by Ipuwer's Papyrus, what it describes is a Holocaust of the Ancient Egyptians by those fawned over as Israelites. "Oppressors" were the actual Victims.
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Proviso:
I make no claims here about the Biblical accounts or Archaeologically supported findings, this post is dedicated towards sorting out and making some sense of this topic. I intend on doing some future editing here to refine and improve it to reflect our ongoing research.
Hyksos is a Greek name for what the Egyptians called Heka Khasut
The story of Exodus and the so called Israelites in Ancient Egypt (Tau Wei) is as much told as it is contrived. There were some ancient infiltrations that happened in Tau Wei, [ 𓏏𓅃𓇌 ] they were not written into the Old Testament accurately. The OT, in it’s present form, was likely written sometime …. more recently and from the point of view of the Israelites and their Hyksos / Hebrew ancestors. At the time of the occupation, Egyptians called them , Heka Khasut / HqA xAswt / 𓉔𓎡 𓇨𓋴𓅃𓏏𓄎 meaning “rulers of foreign lands.” As opposed to nswt, which transliterates to Neshua as a general title of King. [Please see additional linguistic influence this term may have had for the name of these people, located further down.]
Native Historians:
Egyptian historian sources for the events of the Hyksos, Exodus and Intermediate periods are Manetho and Josephus. Ipuwer is another more ancient source for description of these events, there is debate as to how to place context with his papyrus manuscript. The events described may have begun to transpire sometime around the First Intermediate Period, with only very slow and subtle changes; there is no evidence of violence; social order had merely become more decentralized.
Timeline, First Intermediate Period according to World History:
https://www.worldhistory.org/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt/
The Old Kingdom (c. 2613-2181 BCE)
First Intermediate Period of Egypt (2181-2040 BCE)
Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE) periods of Egyptian history. The name was given to the era by 19th-century CE Egyptologists, not by the ancient Egyptians.
Hyksos may have begun showing up some time as early as the end of the First Intermediate Period.
Timeline, Second Intermediate Period according to World History: Note that the full article discredits the second intermediate period as being chaotic, it states the Hyksos were nice people. Use your own best judgement.
https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt/
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE)
Second Intermediate Period (c.1782 - c.1570 BCE) Hyksos rule: (1630–1523 BCE)
New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE).
As with all historical designations of the eras of Egyptian history, the name was coined by 19th-century CE Egyptologists to demarcate time periods in Egypt's history; the name was not used by ancient Egyptians.
An Introduction to the Perpetrators of Subversion:
The Hyksos were Infiltrators and Usurpers. The second intermediate period is considered marked by the social and economic devastation wrought by this Culture of Parasites, who had worked their way into power through devious actions and Ingratiation. This Infiltration most likely began around the end of the First Intermediate Period, 2000 BCE. Timelines might not be accurate. The historic record shows them just beginning to show up maybe 50 to 60 years into the Middle Kingdom era.
There are some interesting parallels in modern times when it comes to Infiltrators, they usually like to hide behind a figurehead, so they are brilliant at posing as something they are not. They come offering a service or a product, in exchange for conscription to usury; when you fail to agree, they add poison to your bread. Having the ear of the King enables them to use the color of law to enforce their usury.
Ipuwer, 𓇋𓊪𓅃𓂋 the Egyptian Sage who wrote what is known as The Admonitions of Ipuwer on the second intermediate period was specifically describing what had happened. In his lamentations, he mentions "Usurpers," and invasion by others, who brought Famine and a collapse of Culture resulting from a collapse of Trust and social order.
There has been some debate as to which Intermediate Period Ipuwer was writing about. There are some who believe the 10 Plagues of the Exodus are directly referenced in the Ipuwer papyrus. Perhaps the Exodus was written much later, to include 10 Plagues that Ipuwer wrote about as ‘part’ to add to the additional story. There are a lot of debates about the timing of when things occurred and when they were written.
Either way, the 10 Plagues of the Exodus seem to look more and more like a Holocaust. There was something that was happening at that time; we can all agree, but it wasn’t caused by “God” or “The Gods.” It was more likely the Exodus was an action to Exile the Hyksos as unwanted usurpers, while making their exit, they left devastation. There are many things that may have led up to the devastation I refer; such as when Osarseph (Moses) confronted the King to demand the “Release of his Hebrew Slaves.” Here is a site that talks about the mainstream view: https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/the-mysterious-hyksos/
The funny part I ran into; this site claims that Neferhotop I, was THE king of the Exodus!! Now I feel so proud, I never knew this before. Because these people rely on inversion of every fact when they tell their story; Neferhotep must have been trying to get rid of them, eventually chasing them out of Egypt with his army. He was a hero.
My friend and fellow writer, Tereza Coraggio has written many articles on the topic of the Old Testament and the story of the “Hebrews.” Check out Genesis & the Naked Deception it’s a good example, I think covers a lot. She is currently reading “From Yahweh to Zion” by Guyenot, who talks about a “race of lepers in Egypt who brought in foreign invaders out of spite and resentment for being segregated.”
Some Historic Background on the Cultures of the Region:
Some important questions should be asked about this chapter in cultural exchange, to clarify who the participants were.
Ancient Egyptians were always a composited population, originally the forebears of the Madi Culture had migrated into the Nile Valley and Delta regions from many different locations across the Sahara, in a time before it was a desert, some 9,000 years ago. I have many theories on how this has a bearing on later events, but we can focus on just how fertile and productive the land of Egypt was; because of the consistent presence of water, it was a very desirable place to be. Egypt became known for the black soil it has that favors growing crops. One of Egypt’s names was Kemet or Kumat. 𓈎𓅓𓏏 Variations of this name were Khunum, Kiem, or Kume. Other names of Egypt were: Tau Wei, meaning two lands as shown above and Tau Meri, which translates to Beloved Land.
Dynamics of the pre dynastic cultural setting are not as clear and are mostly pieced together from Archeology, Paleontology and Anthropological study of areas in the Sahara, early Nile settlements and Levant, though there are some relevant written records. There were certainly trade routes and people moved through different areas and exchange was made both in goods and cultural influence, including language. There is quite a lot of genetic evidence of people migrating into Africa from the Levant and from other areas to the east. Early Aryan tribes did a lot of this migration at various times, there has been some suggestion that the Aryan were chasing those later called Hyksos, out from where they had been. When it comes to Biblical accounts, there seems to be some correlation between the Hyksos and those who are later called Israelites. There were also the Nubians, who were traditionally in contact with Egyptians since pre dynastic times. There is no evidence that Nubians were related or allied to the Hyksos, they were friendly to Egyptian culture, they had kingdoms to the south of Egypt and used a similar writing system and architecture. At various times, Egypt did have Nubian kings as well.
Biblical accounts are written from an “Us” vs “Them” perspective, where the Indigenous Ancient Egyptians are viewed as evil or bad, and the Israelites are viewed as “good” and are the chosen people of God. The whole OT is written in this obnoxious manner, where anyone who “believes” the Bible, must just accept the concept of Israelite’s “Superiority” without question. After all, God is in the business of giving a “Land” to a specific chosen people, while “Granting” them unlimited mastery over other people, right? (Ok, sarcasm off) Nobody is EVER a slave by divine commandment.
Language is Important
Language of the original Madi settlers of the Nile is considered Afro Asiatic by most linguists. The Apiru / Hyksos who came later, spoke a Western Semitic language branch of Afro Asiatic. Their personal names indicate that they spoke a dialect of Hebrew. They were likely the same usurpers of the Canaanites, before the Egyptians. They spoke a similar language, enabling ease of manipulation.
Larry Geib from Quora has this to say about the Language connections:
Hebrew is in the Northwest Semitic group of languages which include Amorite, Canaanite/phonecian, Moabite, Edomite and Aramaic. Some people add Ugaritic as a separate language from Canaanite, but they were probably mutually intelligible to a certain degree. The closest grouping is Hebrew, Canaanite and Ugaritic. Hebrew scholars were immediately able to read Ugaritic when it was discovered.
For reference: Sumerian is a language isolate unrelated to any known languages. Attempts have been made to link it to other languages, mostly in Asia, but no convincing links have been demonstrated. The best theory, is that it comes from a prehistoric language in the lower Euphrates watershed.
Basic Timeline background:
Sometime during the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos came into the area of the upper Northeast of Egypt’s Nile Delta; these were people mostly consisting of shepherd tribes, opportunist bandits and mercenaries, generally a group of nomadic people. People of Canaan were just as infiltrated by the Hyksos as the Egyptians. Canaanites for a period of time were growing crops that benefited the people of Egypt. Some had a fairly high level of skill in trades and farming. There were a number of names these people came to be called:
From around 2,000BC, people known as Apiru, Hapiru or Habiru started coming in from west of the Fertile Crescent as migrants, first concentrating in the Levant region, Canaan. First migrants may have been sparse, then progressively increasing due to their sheepherder pastoral lifestyle. More on this below, in the Reference on Terms.
Later in the 1800’s BCE, those migrants, later known as Hyksos, by Greek historians; nomadic group began settling into Egypt Nile Delta area, likely the same migrants from the Fertile Crescent.
Then from around 1630–1523 BCE, also known as the Second Intermediate Period, these intruders who became known as Heka Khasut, took control of most of the country in a migrant uprising. They were hated for many reasons, they behaved like Parasitic Chameleons. After they were kicked out, their cultural influence remained.
Later on, towards the end of the 18th dynasty, (1549 to 1292 BC) with the chaotic rule of Akhenaten, the Levant area began to be destabilized by the people of Amurru with an influential warlord called Abdi-Ashirta and his sucessor Aziru, these are suspected leaders of the displaced Hyksos culture. These people are all connected:
Their name progression: šagašu = Apiru = Hyksos = Hebrews = [Heka Khasut] = Canaanites = Judeans = Scythians = Ashkenazi = Jews. Please note — these are names the people of the same origin and lineage came to be known as in different cultures where they wandered into (Infiltrated). šagašu is ancient Sumerian, please see below; it means "trespassers." Hyksos is Greek for the Egyptian term: Heka Khasut 𓉔𓎡 𓇨𓋴𓅃𓏏𓄎
Heka Khasut with the term Nasi added to the end, meaning "'Prince' of the rulers of foreign lands," becomes Ash Ke Nasi the "H" first gets dropped between Egyptian and Hebrew making it sound like this: eka-ke-nasi. This is likely where the name Ashkenazi comes from, (please note, there is no citation of this, it is based on linguistic adaptation, it is my own interpretation. I will work further on this to be sure.)
For a good reference I thought it helpful to link a Smithsonian Article that has some interesting points made about the Hyksos and their origins, what likely happened in Northern Egypt near the Levant:
New Research Reveals Surprising Origins of Egypt’s Hyksos Dynasty
by Theresa Machemer
Some excerpts from the above article:
Now, new research lends weight to an alternative theory on the Hyksos’ origins. As Colin Barras reports for Science magazine, chemical analysis of skeletons found at the Hyksos capital of Avaris indicates that people from the Levant—an area encompassing the countries surrounding the eastern Mediterranean—immigrated to Egypt centuries before the takeover. The Hyksos dynasty, then, was likely the result of an immigrant uprising, not a hostile outside invasion.
The findings, published in the journal PLOS One, center on variations in strontium isotopes present in 75 skeletons’ tooth enamel. Strontium, a harmless metal found in water, soil and rocks, enters the body primarily through food. Comparing isotope ratios found in enamel, which forms between ages 3 and 8, with those present in a specific region, can help scientists determine whether an individual grew up there, as levels “vary from place to place,” writes Ariel David for Haaretz.
Around half of the skeletons were buried in the 350 years before the Hyksos’ takeover; the rest were interred during the dynasty’s reign. Per the paper, the researchers found that 24 of the pre-1638 skeletons were foreign-born, pointing toward significant immigration prior to the supposed invasion.
The researchers theorize that members of Avaris’ immigrant community rose to power during the unrest of the Second Intermediary Period. After ruling northern Egypt for more than 100 years, they were deposed by the returning pharaohs. Per Science, historians have previously speculated that when the pharaohs reclaimed the territory, they exiled the Hyksos rulers to southwest Asia—a move that may have inspired the biblical story of Exodus.
Mentions of the Hyksos’ rule are scarce. One of the earliest sources describing the dynasty dates to the third century B.C., when a priest named Manetho penned a comprehensive history of history of Egypt. Manetho’s work was later transcribed in fragments by another historian, Josephus. Written long after the Hyksos’ actual reign, the tome claims that the invaders brought an army “sweeping in from the northeast and conquering the northeastern Nile Delta,” according to the paper.
There’s something you may notice: The main Capital for the Hyksos is called Avaris, isn’t that similar to the word: “avarice” as in “avariciousness?” The seal in the article is of one Hyksos king named Apophis; isn’t that the Egyptian god of Chaos? There were other cities that are associated with Hyksos, like “Xois” a Greek name of an Egyptian City. More info on Xois: https://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/xois.html
9 Facts About the Enigmatic Hyksos Invaders of Ancient Egypt
Here is an interesting article describing the circumstances of the Hyksos in Egypt, in a different way. It seems to hold a neutral stance what happened, that there was a more peaceful transfer of power. It states that Egypt was already in a state of turmoil before the Hyksos arrived.
https://www.thecollector.com/hyksos-facts/
A Wedge between Peoples, the article states:
A possible wedge between Hyksos and the natives was religion. While the Egyptians worshipped their pantheon of deities, the Hyksos retained their worship of their god Baal. And as history has shown, religious differences are a significant catalyst for animosity between groups of people.
Actually, The Egyptians did NOT worship the pantheon of deities the way the Christian Authors; who came much later, claim to have.
Tereza says that; according to Guyenot, the Yahwists saw Ba’al as a rival and hated him. Ba’al was like Osiris and an agricultural diety. What was worshiped in Hierosolymus (Jerusalem) was said to be a donkey’s head, the animal of Seth. [Also, the Hyksos kings took Seth Names as Throne Names.]
What happened in the Exodus and why am I seeing it as a Holocaust of Egyptains? The 10 Plagues give a clue
The following are a few sites that made adequate comparison between Ipuwer’s manuscript and the later composition of Exodus:
https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=icc_proceedings
The 10 Plagues are indicative to the Hyksos having committed acts of War including Genocide, which may have included the poisoning of food supply and even potentially the blood sacrifice of the first born of non Hyksos, later there was full on Plunder of the Egyptians.
Below is an excerpted translation, Partial Summary of the surviving portions of the Ipuwer Papyrus:
This partial summary comes from the following Bible Blender site:
Note: I am only doing a partial summary due to the length of the document, the document excerpts will be in block quotes and my interpretation will be in italic; if there is something very important, that will be in Bold Italic. Further comprehensive approaches to getting the message of the Papyrus should include realizing that the traditional victims vs. perpetrators in the Exodus Story are actually role reversed. Those who are interested in the whole document can, of course, peruse it by following the link above with your own discretion.
The Ipuwer Papyrus (officially Papyrus Leiden I 344 recto but also known as The Admonitions of Ipuwer) is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus now held in the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Netherlands. It contains the Admonitions of Ipuwer, an incomplete literary work whose original composition is dated no earlier than the late Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt (c.1991–1803 BCE), likely some time around 1,250 BC.
Summary:
Section I
The door [keepers] say: “Let us go and plunder.” Indeed, the plunderer [. . .] everywhere, and the servant takes what he finds. Exodus: The LORD had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the Egyptians.
Important: People who have become weak, confused, disoriented, psychotically reactionary and having hallucinations can be easily fooled into not noticing when someone is taking advantage of them. The Egyptians were most likely poisoned by the Bread they ate, which was made by the Hyksos bread makers. Hyksos ate unleavened bread, avoiding the natural toxins of the leavening process. They were said to have traded their horses for bread. I think that is a job description change.
The washer man refuses to carry his load [. . .] Refusal to work is a sign that there wasn’t any reward for doing the job, there was no pay.
The bird [catchers] have drawn up in line of battle [. . . the inhabitants] of the Delta carry shields. Hunters, Trappers and Farmers see the disorder and trouble that’s a foot, they also refuse to work and are prepared to fight those who take from them.
A man regards his son as his enemy. Confusion [. . .] another. Come and conquer; judge [. . .] what was ordained for you in the time of Horus, in the age [of the Ennead . . .]. The virtuous man goes in mourning because of what has happened in the land [. . .] goes [. . .] the tribes of the desert have become Egyptians everywhere. In the last sentence, the manner of “becoming Egyptians everywhere,” is indicative of there having been an Infiltration, not just of immigrants themselves but of the culture which they brought. In cultural mixing, the native populations would develop an affinity towards cultural ways of new comers. Meanwhile, the migrants themselves ingratiate themselves into important places like; the temples, the markets, the jobs to collect grain tax, advisers to the king, etc… so it would appear the people from the desert all had become Egyptian. They Infiltrated Egypt so they could control it.
Indeed, the face is pale; [. . .] what the ancestors foretold has arrived at [fruition . . .] the land is full of confederates, and a man goes to plough with his shield. The term for Plough is meant to describe “work”, the “shield” is an item for war, so his job is warfare.
Indeed, [the face] is pale; the bowman is ready, wrongdoing is everywhere, and there is no man of yesterday. No man of “Yesterday” is allegorical to no man of “Honor.”
Indeed, the Nile overflows, yet none plough for it. Everyone says: “We do not know what will happen throughout the land.” There are several reasons why the Farmers won’t plough: First is availability of seed, if there really was a low year for the river, then possibly the moisture for growing was not there long enough; resulting the seed becoming consumed as food. Second, If there was a Tax / Usury arrangement in place and the farmers DID have seed to plant they might not use it, if the crop yields were being taken as a tax. Why work if you can’t keep what you sow?
Indeed, the women are barren, and none conceive. Khnum fashions (men) no more because of the condition of the land. Malnutrition comes to mind here, but also the lack of men of Yesterday or of Honor, is due to conditions. In a dog eat dog environment, people become reduced, they become less than what they thought they were.
Section II
Indeed, poor men have become owners of wealth, and he who could not make sandals for himself is now a possessor of riches. Theft becomes easy if the people are both malnourished and potentially poisoned by what they eat, they become docile and easy to steal from.
Indeed, [hearts] are violent, pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is not lacking, and the mummy-cloth speaks even before one comes near it. This one speaks for itself, food scarcity and general disease, brings death; whether violent or not.
Indeed, many dead are buried in the river; the stream is a sepulcher and the place of embalment has become a stream. The dead became too numerous for the embalmers, the people had nothing to pay for the service anyway, they had to bury their dead in the river. There was a practice for the poor, to take the deceased out into the desert and bury them there.
Indeed, noblemen are in distress, while the poor man is full of joy. Every town says: “Let us suppress the powerful among us.” In immigrant uprisings, there can be violence, but it is usually directed at those perceived to have the most things to steal.
Indeed, men are like ibises. Squalor is throughout the land, and there are none indeed whose clothes are white in these times. Everyone had to scrape to get by.
Indeed, the land turns around as does a potter’s wheel; the robber is a possessor of riches and [the rich man is become] a plunderer. This was mistranslated: “rich man is become plundered.” Those who were of any means became a target to the migrants.
Indeed, trusty servants are [. . .]; the poor man [complains]: “How terrible! What am I to do?” Confusion and uncertainty, again is a product of food poisoning and general fatigue.
Indeed, the river is blood, yet men drink of it. Men shrink from human beings and thirst after water. If the water was foul, this may also have contributed to their high death rates and mental confusion. Water born parasites and toxins can cause severe disease.
Indeed, gates, columns and walls are burnt up, while the hall of the palace stands firm and endures. The gates, columns and walls are burnt up: doors, columns, and floor planks are burned up; the stone endures. This points to there having been fires, like the riots we have seen in our life times.
Indeed, the ship of [the southerners] has broken up; towns are destroyed and Upper Egypt has become an empty waste. Trade became unavailable.
Many of the translated entries from the Papyrus are quite similar and have very similar interpretations. The main point I think drives this whole thing is poisoning of the food supply, grain usury taxation, resulting in further reduction in nutrition and the food itself; the problem compounded onto itself over and over. The Hyksos, who are the manipulators knew how to not get poisoned. These were not chosen of God, these were chameleons who knew what they after. They took advantage of the weakened population; they easily robbed the Egyptians, they came into the houses of regular people and bludgeoned to death the first born children wherever they could be found. The blood over the doorways seems to have a lot to do with their worship of Baal. Blood is a real big deal to these parasites.
Famine can be caused by artificial scarcity, or food poisoning
There is always a manner in which famine could take place, why would there be famine if people were able to grow their own food? It’s not that they had a problem growing it, they had a problem with the Government taking it from them. As though there was an obligation to give it; before the Hyksos, there was none of this. But when they arrived, the King (Neshua), somehow got convinced that the people had a debt to pay. Eventually, the Kingship became usurped.
Rhonda who writes as Wildhrody says this in regards to Passover and part of the story of Exodus:
I've been working on writing about the dung-rolling Scarab Beetle and why it was sacred to the Egyptians, which I now believe was more of a warning, especially since Covid unfolded.
From what I've found so far, I think they were using the ground up beetles to poison the Egyptians with leavened bread, hence why the Israelites were instructed to only eat unleavened bread for 7 days during the Passover. I also think they used them in Babylon/Babel, as well.
In the late 1800's, Colonel Vyse had found a 'black' powder, all over the floor, in only one of the pyramid tombs, and first thought it was bat dung. He had it tested and found it was powdered cast-off shells of insects, which scarabs are black insects.
I later found that the immuno-suppressant drug, Ciclosporin (notice: Cycle Spore In), used on organ transplant patients to shut down their immune systems so their bodies wouldn't reject organ transplants, was developed from an Ascomycete fungus found on Scarab Beetles, as well. (Fungi disburse spores). This drug has serious side effects, which includes "confusion," cancer, Cytomegalovirus and a rise in fatal opportunistic bacterial, viral, or "fungal" infections.
[For reference see Made for Each Other: Ascomycete Yeasts and Insects
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0081-2016 ] also please see:
FUNGI AND BEETLES / Diversity within diversity — by Roy Anderson
Dept. of Agriculture & Environmental Science, The Queenʼs University of Belfast, Newforge Lane — manual link: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com
Another article on insects in food: Edible Insects and Toxoplasma gondii: Is It Something We Need To Be Concerned About?
Rhonda continues:
To me, the allegorical story of Babel and the confounding of the language, tells an underlying story, of plural "gods" (more like those with god-complexes) wanting revenge for something - perhaps that the people were catching on to them and talking amongst themselves like is happening today.
They then confounded the language, which confound means to confuse, as Ciclosporin does, as well. So, how would they do that, other than to poison the people, because we know it wasn't some supernatural event done by gods.
As we see today, autistic children have had their language confounded, as well, and I thoroughly believe it's caused from the repeated poisonous vaccines they are mandated to take.
They are also poisoning our wheat (bread) and other food supplies with Monsanto Glyphosates. Further, the Ascomycete family of fungi is what's used to leaven bread. So, check these word spells:
Scarab Beetle = A Babel Secret. 1) Babel was in the land of "Shinar = I Sharn," with Sharn meaning dung, muck; and scarabs were once called sharn-bugs. 2) This one is strange: "Confound Their Language = On Their Fecal Guano Dung = Heroic Eat on Fungal Dung."
Lastly, Gen. 11, and the story of Babel, wraps up at Gen. 11:9, or 9/11 in reverse, which I find suspect. To confound the language could also mean they change the laws, such as with the "Patriot Act = Tap Riot Act." Are they expecting something when they really cut our food supplies?
Wiki States:
Shinar (/ˈʃaɪnɑːr/; Hebrew שִׁנְעָר Šinʿār, Septuagint Σενναάρ Sennaár) is the name for the southern region of Mesopotamia used by the Hebrew Bible.
Other possible Toxins in Bread Making:
There are other ingredients for bread that have been known for causing disorientation, psychotic reactions and hallucinations. One in particular became a problem in Europe for a while, called Darnell, it’s first recorded use was in Ancient Egypt.
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/wheats-evil-twin-has-been-intoxicating-humans-for-centuries
Endophytic Microbes
M. Tadych, J.F. White, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009
Darnel Ryegrass–Neotyphodium occultans Association
Darnel ryegrass = darnel (Lolium temulentum L.) is another common endophyte-infected grass species. This species has a long recorded history as a plant poisonous to humans and animals. Darnel was known as a weed and as a poisonous plant in earlier times. The earliest written references to darnel indicating it to be a noxious and toxic weed that caused problems for humans and animals may be found in the Gospel of Matthew of the New Testament and in authors such as Plautus, Virgil, Ovid, Dioscorides, and Shakespeare.
Darnel seed from 4000-year-old archeological materials in ancient Egypt contained endophyte mycelium. It was generally understood that human beings would be poisoned by ingestion of flour or baked products containing seeds of darnel as a contaminant. Contamination was also undesirable because of the strong taste of darnel seeds, which, for example, resulted in inferior bread. Darnel seeds were sometimes added to beer as a flavoring. By the end of the 1800s it was discovered that a fungus infects seeds of darnel. Currently we know that darnel seeds contain an endophytic fungus, and this symbiotic fungus is known as N. occultans Moon, Scott & Christensen.
For additional information on Darnel Grain: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lolium-temulentum
Rhonda on Jewish Rye Bread:
I also found, in regard to the dung beetle and bread. I found this odd that in Exodus 9:32, after a big hail and fire storm - one of the LORD'S supposed plagues on Egypt - the wheat and "rie" or rye, were "not smitten" because "they were not grown up."
Then, in Exodus 12:23, as commanded to do, blood is placed around the doorways so they "will not suffer the destroyer to come into your houses to smite you." It surely never made sense that some alleged supernatural being would not know the difference between the Israelite's or Egyptian's houses, but this is what I think it meant, on a deeper level:
"Destroyer = Stored Rye." It was the un-smitten rye bread that they mixed the leavening dung-fungi-yeast into. Ever notice that there's a rye bread in the grocery called Jewish Rye?
In Europe, the production of Rye has a relationship with Darnel. Rye and Darnel both benefit from the same horticultural cultivation conditions. It was often very difficult to separate the Rye from the Darnel. Having a small amount of Darnel gave the bread a small “kick” to the taste. It is quite reasonable to infer that Darnel was in fact present in large enough quantities to poison the populations that used cultivated wheat in Egypt, especially if they were not cultivating the wheat for a time because of the heavy taxation. They may have made bread with mostly the wild Darnel which was easier to grow.
Reference on Terms:
Who were the Apiru? — Wiki states:
ʿApiru (Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎔𐎗𐎎, romanized: ʿPRM, Ancient Egyptian: 𓂝𓊪𓂋𓅱𓀀𓏥, romanized: Ꜥprw), also known in the Akkadian version Ḫabiru (sometimes written Habiru, Ḫapiru or Hapiru; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫa-bi-ru or *ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for a social status of people who were variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Etymology of Habiru:
Etymology in Ancient Egyptian: 𓂝𓊪𓂋𓅱𓀀𓏥, “Haup’Bir U” is not native to the indigenous language
The term was first discovered in its Akkadian version "ḫa-bi-ru" or "ḫa-pi-ru". Due to later findings in Ugaritic and Egyptian which used the consonants ʿ, p and r, and in light of the well-established sound change from Northwest Semitic ʿ to Akkadian ḫ,[8] the root of this term is proven to be ʿ-p-r.[9][10][6][11][12] This root means "dust, dirt", and links to the characterization of the ʿApiru as nomads, mercenaries, people who are not part of the cultural society.[6][11] The morphological pattern of the word is qatilu,[10] which point to a status, condition.[6]
The Sumerogram SA.GAZ
The Akkadian term Ḫabiru occasionally alternates with the sumerograms SA.GAZ. Akkadian dictionaries for sumerograms added to SA.GAZ the gloss "ḫabatu" (raider), which raised the suggestion to read the sumerograms as this word. However, the Amarna letters attested the spelling SA.GA.AZ, and letters from Ugarit attested the spelling SAG.GAZ, which points that these sumerograms were read as written, and did not function as ideograms. The only Akkadian word which fits such spelling is "šagašu" (barbarian), but an Akkadian gloss to an Akkadian word seems odd, and the meaning of "šagašu" doesn't fit the essence of the Ḫabiru. Therefore, the meaning of SA.GAZ should probably be found in West Semitic word such Aramaic ŠGŠ which means muddy, restless, while the word "ḫabatu" should be interpreted as "nomad", and that fits the meaning of the word Ḫabiru/ʿApiru.[13]
In the time of Rim-Sin I (1822 BCE to 1763 BCE), the Sumerians knew a group of Aramaean nomads living in southern Mesopotamia as SA. GAZ, which meant "trespassers". The later Akkadians inherited the term, which was rendered as the calque Habiru, properly ʿApiru. In the Amarna Letters, to be a Habiru is synonymous with being a rebel against the Egyptian power in Palestine and Syria; it is the Habiru who are most frequently mentioned as supporters of the leaders of revolt, to whom they occasionally bind themselves by a solemn pact.
Wikipedia on Hyksos:
The Hyksos people were a Semitic people in Ancient Egypt who originated in the Levant region of the Mediterranean. The Hyksos ruled over Lower Egypt and the Nile Valley around 1630–1523 BCE, also known as the Second Intermediate Period. The Hyksos were nomadic groups that began settling in Egypt in the 1800s BCE.
Also:
The first century AD Jewish historian Josephus gives the name as meaning "shepherd kings" or "captive shepherds" in his Contra Apion (Against Apion), where he describes the Hyksos as Jews as they appeared in the Hellenistic Egyptian historian Manetho.
One period of vulnerability began around 1800 B.C.E., with a succession of ineffectual pharaohs who struggled to maintain order. The Hyksos took advantage of the power vacuum by seizing control of northern Egypt, according to ancient texts, leaving the pharaohs in charge of only a tiny strip of land to the south.
Was Moses a Hyksos?
Together they formed a strong new force that took over Egypt. The new ruler Osarseph, leader of the lepers, then became king, who collected taxes, and preached against the Egyptian gods. So who was Osarseph? According to Manetho, after joining the Hyksos, Osarseph [𓅱𓋴𓂋𓋴𓊪𓉔] changed his name to Moses.
What is Canaan called today?
The land known as Canaan was situated in the territory of the southern Levant, which today encompasses Israel, the West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, and the southern portions of Syria and Lebanon.
[In other words — It’s Palestine!! ]
Abdi Ashirta lived in the land of Canaan, so who was he? — Wiki states:
Abdi-Ashirta (Akkadian: 𒀵𒀀𒅆𒅕𒋫 Warad-Ašîrta [ARAD2-A-ši-ir-ta]; fl. 14th century BC) was the ruler of Amurru who was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos.
While some contend that Amurru was a new kingdom in southern Syria subject to nominal Egyptian control, new research suggests that during Abdi-Ashirta's lifetime, Amurru was a "decentralized land" that consisted of several independent polities. Consequently, though Abdi-Ashirta had influence among these polities, he did not directly rule them.[1]
Rib-Hadda complained bitterly to Pharaoh Akhenaten — in the Amarna letters (EA) — of Abdi-Ashirta's attempts to alter the political landscape at the former's expense.[2] Abdi-Ashirta's death is mentioned in EA 101 by Rib-Hadda in a letter to Akhenaten.[3] Unfortunately for Rib-Hadda, Abdi-Ashirta was succeeded by his equally capable son Aziru, who would later capture, exile and likely kill Rib-Hadda. Aziru subsequently defected to the Hittites, which caused Egypt to lose control over her northern border province of Amurru which Aziru controlled.
Amarna letter EA 75, titled: "Political Chaos", is a short to moderate length letter from Rib-Hadda, who wrote the largest number of Amarna letters in a sub-corpus, from the city-state of Byblos; Byblos contained an Ancient Egyptian colony, and was aligned with a few neighboring town sites, like Amurru.
Whoever was ally to Akhenaten, was no ally to Indigenous Egyptians
Rib-Hadda of Byblos was apparently a ruler who was allied with Akhenaten and served as a way to keep order in favor of Egypt; however, Akhenaten was very well hated by the people of Egypt he made many choices that were quite sabotaging to the country’s security. This set of events were taking place around 1400BC, this was centuries after the Hyksos were supposed to have been ousted from Egypt. The family of Akhenaten is said to have been Hyksos……
If we know already that Akhenaten was despised by regular people, because of how things got to be so terrible; it seems reasonable to say that whoever was on the throne at the time of the events of the Exodus, must have been a hero for driving the Hyksos out of Egypt, causing them to be segregated from the rest of the people. This king was possibly Neferhotep I.
Kingship in Ancient Egypt / General standard linguistic info:
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/ideology/king/what.html
There are several Ancient Egyptian words for king: nswt and ity are perhaps the most common. The Ancient Egyptian word for kingship is nsyt.
What I have been saying all along about the term for "King":
nswt transliterates to Neshua as a general title; if addressing a personal name to the title, then it is Neshu or Nesu.
ity transliterates to “iteya,” not certain of the use; possibly an affix to Nibty, as in title: nswt bity (dual king) similar to Nisi Bija(t) There may have been adjustments due to different dialects.
On Reflection:
What is Pestilence? Just like Covid, in order to spread Disease it is necessary to spread Fear. Standard definition: Pestilence means a deadly and overwhelming disease that affects an entire community. The Black Plague, a disease that killed over thirty percent of Europe's population, was certainly a pestilence. What is described in the Exodus is definitely a product of mass disease caused by mass poisoning.
What is a Holocaust? A Burnt Offering; according to Merriam Webster: The meaning of HOLOCAUST is a sacrifice consumed by fire. During the “Exodus,” there were fires, the Hyksos made sure that a lot of homes and the Palace of the King was burned, in their march out of Egypt. Exodus has it that the King wanted to keep them there; —not hardly. Another great example of “burnt offering,” is the Bombing of Dresden by the Allies (you know, “the good guys.”)
What is War? Excuse to take Land or Resources, or Annex those resources, leading to a Burnt Offering. Annexation is the key to War; the Violence of it is only to distract you while you lose everything that’s yours. If the Parasites cannot take it, they try to burn it.
What is Famine? An arranged starvation leading to a Burnt Offering; death often leads to a cremation, but it must start by first controlling the whole food supply. Once people have nowhere to turn for food they can become predictable and easy to control. In the last few years there have been a lot of food processing facilities that were “burned.” Famine is just like war, if you are hungry enough, you can be made “favorably disposed toward the people” who come to take your wealth away, just like in Exodus. Famine enables the plunder of those who are weakened.
Who actually benefits from War, Famine, and Holocaust? Only the very few, by now we all know who they are.
Additional thoughts on Moses:
After joining the Hyksos, Osarseph changed his name to Moses, there are some remarks on this that may connect some dots:
Osarseph sounds like “Osiris — Seth,” Osiris when transliterated as original pronounciation is “Ausir” so that would make Osar as “Ausr” change of the vowel sound only.
Seph could be “Sef” or “Seth” alternatively; “Set” is pronounced as “SaH” the majority of “T” endings in Medu Netr are pronounced with a glutteral <aaH,:> So, if this name ligiture holds true, then we can accept the following connection:
Osarseph = Osir — Seth, or Ausir — Seth
After the Hyksos kings became established, they used “Seth Names” instead of Horus Names. This was another inversion of the culture of Spirituality that was infused into Ancient Egyptian Society.
What is the etymology of Heka?
The name Heka is identical with the Egyptian word ḥkꜣ(w) "magic."
So, by itself is pronounced: “h’ka.” Ka is just pronounced as Ka, With a transliterated Kha there’s a slight emphasis in a glutteral h’ in there.
Hieroglyphic spelling includes the symbol for the word ka (kꜣ), the ancient Egyptian concept of the vital force. Due to the importance placed onto names in ancient Egypt, Heka was often incorporated into personal names.
Some additional resources on the term Heka Khasut:
https://groups.io/g/AncientBibleHistory/message/85925 AND: https://groups.io/g/AncientBibleHistory/topic/meaning_of_heqa_khasut_and/84448128?p=,,,20,0,0,0::recentpostdate%2Fsticky,,,20,0,20,84448128
World History Encyclopedia:
Link: https://www.worldhistory.org/Heka/
Heka is among the oldest gods of Egypt, recognized as early as the Predynastic Period in Egypt (c. 6000 - c. 3150 BCE) and appearing in inscriptions in the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150 - 2613 BCE).
Heka, Sia, & Hu
From the time of the Early Dynastic Period, and developed during the Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2613-2181 BCE), Heka was linked to the creative aspects of the heart and the tongue. The heart was considered the seat of one's individual personality, thought, and feeling, while the tongue gave expression to these aspects. Sia was a personification of the heart, Hu of the tongue, and Heka the power which infused both. Egyptologist Geraldine Pinch explains:
The intellectual powers that enabled the creator to bring himself/herself into existence and to create other beings were sometimes conceptualized as deities. The most important of these were the gods Sia, Hu, and Heka. Sia was the power of perception or insight, which allowed the creator to visualize other forms. Hu was the power of authoritative speech, which enabled the creator to bring things into being by naming them. In Coffin Texts spell 335, Hu and Sia are said to be with their 'father' Atum every day...the power by which the thoughts and commands of the creator became reality was Heka. (62)
In the same way that Heka, Sia, and Hu enabled the gods to first create the world, they allowed human beings to think, feel, and express themselves. One of the ways in which people did this was through the use of magic. There was no aspect of ancient Egyptian life which was untouched by magic. Egyptologist James Henry Breasted comments on this:
The belief in magic penetrated the whole substance of [ancient Egyptian] life, dominating popular custom and constantly appearing in the simplest acts of the daily household routine, as much a matter of course as sleep or the preparation of food. (200)
My personal impressions
The indigenous people, of Egypt lived in a world of Wonder, Respect and Love of nature. Their world may not have been perfect, they did their best to adore Nature in their Language, Art and Spirituality. Overall they had a very beautiful culture and this research has only endeared them to me so much more.
The šagašu or Heka Khasut, later known as Hyksos may or may not have done some terrible things, sorting out our history, to Re Member ourselves and how we relate to Culture today.
Crazy how bread can be used to deploy these chemical weapons.
In Pont-Saint-Espirit in the 60’s the town went mad and the bread was blamed. I believe a baker was convicted (and maybe even executed). (I had no idea about the message Josephus received about the baker!). Turns out that the CIA was experimenting with LSD. I never figured out how they administered it, maybe it was still in the bread. They would have been more than happy to frame the baker.
Thank you for this. Very interesting and so many parallels. For example, the taking of the grain harvests of the Ukrainians by the 'Bolsheviks' causing the Holodomor. Probably the famine(s) in India during the British Raj (the Empire of course just a facade for the 'merchants & bankers').
They are currently talking about us eating insects. They are sacrificing our children via needles. I could go on. And on.
I am going to call them the Hyksos from now on. My hubby is Greek and we need a new, more accurate name for them.
I agree with you about keeping things local and non hierarchical. It is the only way as far as I can see. That and knowing in our souls that we are sovereign. That we are not humans, but mankind; men and women.